Black holes explained
A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that nothing can not get out , even light can escape its gravity . The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.Because no light can get out, people can’t see black holes. They are kindoff invisible , although there is a big project going on to photograph it , more on that later . Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently than other stars.Put simply, black holes are places where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape once it gets too close. This sets them apart from all other celestial objects, where you would always – in principle – be able to build a rocket strong enough to escape into space. It would in theory require infinite energy to get out of one.
Black holes are places of mystery. The laws of physics predict their existence but cannot explain what happens inside a black hole. Once we can do that, we will have stepped beyond the work of Albert Einstein and taken the next big leap in our understanding of the Universe.With a black hole, it would take an infinite amount of energy to pull away.
A star will possibly become a become a black if its above the Chandrasekhar limit.below is a Hindi language explanation of Chandrasekhar limit
How Big Are the Black Holes?
Black holes can be big or small.A lot of mass is squezzed into a really small volume . Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Another kind of black hole is called “stellar.” Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many, many stellar mass black holes in Earth’s galaxy. Earth’s galaxy is part of the Milky Way.
The largest black holes are called “supermassive.” These black holes have masses that are more than 1 million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy is called Sagittarius A also refereed to as Sgr A*. It has a mass equal to about 4 million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.
ESO/WFI (visible); MPIfR/ESO/APEX/A.Weiss et al. (microwave); NASA/CXC/CfA/R.Kraft et al. (X-ray)
Massive jets that are thought to be propelling away from the black hole at the center of Centaurus A, a galaxy 13 million light-years away
How Do Black Holes Form?
Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began.As noted earlier , it depends on Chandrasekhar limit . If the star is above it ,it might turn into a nuetron star or black hole. Death of a star .Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or collapses. When this happens, it causes a supernova. A supernova is an exploding star that blasts part of the star into space.
Scientists speculate supermassive black holes were formed when the their galaxy was formed.
If Black Holes Are “Black,” How Do Scientists Know They are present?
A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting, a black hole.
When a black hole and a star are close together, high-energy light is made. This kind of light can not be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light.Work is goin on to capture the first ever image of a black hole.
Can a Black Hole Destroy Earth?
Black holes do not go around in space eating stars, moons and planets. Earth will not fall into one because no black hole is close enough to the solar system for Earth to do that.They are just like regular stars but without light and comparatively tiny . predicted by Einstein .
Even if a black hole the same mass as the sun were to take the place of the sun, Earth still would not fall in. The black hole would have the same gravity as the sun. Earth and the other planets would orbit the black hole as they orbit the sun now.
The sun will never turn into a black hole. The sun is not a big enough star to make a black hole.Its mass is below the Chandrasekhar limit .
Photographing the first black hole picture
In April 2017, the Event Horizon team connected radio telescopes at multiple locations across the world — as far-flung as Hawaii and the South Pole — and instructing them all to look toward Sagittarius A for a few days. The network is the result of an international collaboration of 14 research institutions across the world.It has collected so much data that its faster to physically carry it to the location than transfer over the internet.
Together, these eight telescopes have the power to “count the stitches on a baseball from 8,000 miles away,” as MIT explains.
Right now, the scientists are in the middle of stitching all that data together. They’re hoping the final image will show the event horizon, the boundary beyond which no light can escape. That event horizon will likely be surrounded by an accretion disc, a bright, incredibly energetic ring of matter that swirls around the black hole. It could look something like this.This will prove einstein right (or wrong ?). Scientists across the world are really excited for this.
Hotaka Shiokawa / Event Horizon Telescope
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